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The Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission has updated recommendations regarding the use of dolutegravir in pregnant women and women who are trying to conceive. For more information, see the What's New section.
Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States
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- Table 10. Antiretroviral Drug Use in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection: Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Data in Human Pregnancy and Recommendations for Use in Pregnancy
The information in the brief version is excerpted directly from the full-text guidelines. The brief version is a compilation of the tables and boxed recommendations.
- Table of Contents
- What's New in the Guidelines
- Guidelines Panel Members
- Financial Disclosure
- Introduction
- Maternal HIV Testing and Identification of Perinatal HIV Exposure
- Preconception Counseling and Care for Women of Childbearing Age Living with HIV
-
Antepartum Care
- General Principles Regarding Use of Antiretroviral Drugs during Pregnancy
-
Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy
- Overview
- Pregnant Women Living with HIV Who Have Never Received Antiretroviral Drugs (Antiretroviral Naive)
- Table 6. What to Start: Initial Combination Regimens for Antiretroviral-Naive Pregnant Women
- Table 7. Situation-Specific Recommendations for Use of ARVs
- Pregnant Women Living with HIV Who Are Currently Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
- Pregnant Women Living with HIV Who Have Previously Received Antiretroviral Treatment or Prophylaxis but Are Not Currently Receiving Any Antiretroviral Medications
- Monitoring of the Woman and Fetus During Pregnancy
- Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Resistance Testing in Pregnancy
- Lack of Viral Suppression
- Stopping Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy
- Special Populations
- Intrapartum Care
- Postpartum Follow-Up of Women Living with HIV Infection
- Counseling and Management of Women Living with HIV Who Breastfeed
- Management of Infants Born to Women with HIV Infection
- Appendix A: Review of Clinical Trials of Antiretroviral Interventions to Prevent Perinatal HIV Transmission
-
Appendix B: Supplement: Safety and Toxicity of Individual Antiretroviral Agents in Pregnancy
- Table 10. ARV Drug Use in Pregnant Women with HIV
- Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
- Entry and Attachment Inhibitors
- Pharmacoenhancers
- Integrase Inhibitors
- Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry
- Appendix C: Acronyms
- Appendix D. Dolutegravir Counseling Guide for Health Care Providers
Download Guidelines
- Section Only PDF (425 KB)
- Full Guideline PDF (3 MB)
- Recommendations Only PDF (211 KB)
- Tables Only PDF (388 KB)
Related Content
- AIDSinfo Drug Database
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: HIV Medicines During Pregnancy and Childbirth
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: Protecting Baby from HIV
- AETC National HIV Curriculum
- How to Cite These Guidelines
- Perinatal Guidelines Archive
Appendix B: Supplement: Safety and Toxicity of Individual Antiretroviral Agents in Pregnancy
Table 10. Antiretroviral Drug Use in Pregnant Women with HIV Infection: Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Data in Human Pregnancy and Recommendations for Use in Pregnancy
Last Updated: December 7, 2018; Last Reviewed: December 7, 2018
Table 10. Antiretroviral Drug Use in Pregnant Women with HIV: Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Data in Human Pregnancy and Recommendations for Use in Pregnancy
Note: When using FDCs, refer to other sections in Appendix B and Table 10 for information about the dosing and safety of individual drug components of the FDC during pregnancy.
Generic Name (Abbreviation) Trade Name |
Formulation | Dosing Recommendationsa | Use in Pregnancy | Last Reviewed |
---|---|---|---|---|
NRTIs NRTIs are recommended for use as part of combination regimens, usually including 2 NRTIs with either an NNRTI or 1 or more PIs. Use of single or dual NRTIs alone is not recommended for treatment of HIV infection. See text for discussion of potential maternal and infant mitochondrial toxicity. |
||||
Abacavir
(ABC) Ziagen (ABC/3TC) Epzicom (ABC/DTG/3TC) Triumeq (ABC/3TC/ZDV) Trizivir Note: Generic available for some formulations. |
ABC (Ziagen)d Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Doses ABC (Ziagen):
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). HSRs occur in approximately 5% to 8% of nonpregnant individuals. A small percentage of reactions are fatal, and these fatal reactions are usually associated with re-challenge. Rate of reactions during pregnancy is unknown. Testing for HLA-B*5701 identifies patients at risk of reactions and should be done and documented as negative before starting ABC. Patients should be educated regarding symptoms of HSR. |
December 7, 2018 |
Didanosine
(ddI) Videx Videx EC Note: Generic available for some formulations |
ddI (Videx) Buffered Tablets (Non-EC):
|
Standard Adult Doses Body Weight ≥60 kg:
Dosing in Pregnancy:
|
ddI is not recommended for pregnant women.
Low-moderate placental transfer to fetus.b ddI should not be used with d4T. Lactic acidosis, sometimes fatal, has been reported in pregnant women receiving ddI and d4T together. |
December 7, 2018 |
Emtricitabine
(FTC) Emtriva (FTC/EFV/TDF) Atripla (FTC/BIC/TAF) Biktarvy (FTC/RPV/TDF) Complera (FTC/TAF) Descovy (FTC/EVG/COBI/TAF) Genvoya (FTC/RPV/TAF) Odefsey (FTC/EVG/COBI/TDF) Stribild (FTC/DRV/COBI/TAF) Symtuza (FTC/TDF) Truvada |
FTC (Emtriva) Capsule:
|
Standard Adult Doses FTC (Emtriva) Capsule:
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). If patient is HBV-coinfected, it is possible that a HBV flare may occur if the drug is stopped; see HIV/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection. |
December 7, 2018 |
Lamivudine
(3TC) Epivir (3TC/TDF) Cimduo (3TC/ZDV) Combivir (3TC/DOR/TDF) Delstrigo (3TC/ABC) Epzicom (3TC/EFV/TDF) Symfi (3TC/EFV/TDF) Symfi Lo (3TC/TDF) Temixys (3TC/ABC/DTG) Triumeq (3TC/ABC/ZDV) Trizivir Note: Generic available for some formulations |
3TC (Epivir)d Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Doses 3TC (Epivir):
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). If patient has HIV/HBV coinfection, it is possible that an HBV flare may occur if the drug is stopped; see HIV/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection. Note: 3TC products developed specifically for treatment of HBV (e.g., Epivir-HBV) contain a lower dose of 3TC that is not appropriate for treatment of HIV. |
December 7, 2018 |
Stavudine
(d4T) Zerit Note: Generic products are available for all formulations. |
d4T (Zerit) Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Dosese Body Weight ≥60 kg:
|
d4T is not recommended for pregnant women
High placental transfer.b No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 2-fold increase in overall birth defects). Lactic acidosis, sometimes fatal, has been reported in pregnant women receiving ddI and d4T together. |
December 7, 2018 |
Tenofovir Alafenamide
(TAF) Vemlidy (TAF/BIC/FTC) Biktarvy (TAF/FTC) Descovy (TAF/EVG/COBI/FTC) Genvoya (TAF/FTC/RPV) Odefsey (TAF/DRV/COBI/FTC) Symtuza Note: Generic available for some formulations. |
TAF (Vemlidy)d Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Dose TAF (Vemlidy):
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats. Renal function should be monitored because of potential for renal toxicity. |
December 7, 2018 |
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
(TDF) Viread (TDF/EFV/FTC) Atripla (TDF/3TC) Cimduo (TDF/FTC/RPV) Complera (TDF/DOR/3TC) Delstrigo (TDF/EVG/COBI/FTC) Stribild (TDF/EFV/3TC) Symfi (TDF/EFV/3TC) Symfi Lo (TDF/3TC) Temixys (TDF/FTC) Truvada Note: Generic available for some formulations |
TDF (Viread) Tablet:d
|
Standard Adult Doses TDF (Viread) Tablet:
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). Studies in monkeys (at doses approximately 2-fold higher than those for human therapeutic use) show decreased fetal growth and reduction in fetal bone porosity within 2 months of starting maternal therapy. Human studies demonstrate no consistent link to low birth weight, but data are conflicting about potential effects on growth outcomes later in infancy. If patient is HBV coinfected, it is possible that an HBV flare may occur if TDF is stopped; see HIV/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection. Renal function should be monitored because of potential for renal toxicity. |
December 7, 2018 |
Zidovudine
(ZDV) Retrovir (ZDV/3TC) Combivir (ZDV/ABC/3TC) Trizivir Note: Generic available for all formulations. |
ZDV (Retrovir) Capsule:
|
Standard Adult Dose ZDV (Retrovir):
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). |
December 7, 2018 |
NNRTIs NNRTIs are recommended for use in combination regimens with 2 NRTI drugs. Hypersensitivity reactions, including hepatic toxicity and rash, more common in women; unclear if increased in pregnancy. |
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Doravirine (DOR) Pifeltro (DOR/3TC/TDF) Delstrigo |
DOR (Pifeltro) Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Doses DOR (Pifeltro):
|
No human data are available on placental transfer of DOR, but animal studies suggest that DOR crosses the placenta.
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. |
December 7, 2018 |
Efavirenz
(EFV) Sustiva (EFV/FTC/TDF) Atripla (EFV/3TC/TDF) Symfi (EFV/3TC/TDF) Symfi Lo Note: Generic available for some formulations. |
EFV (Sustiva)d Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Doses EFV (Sustiva):
|
Moderate placental transfer to fetus.b
The FDA advises women to avoid becoming pregnant while taking EFV and advises health care providers to avoid administration during the first trimester of pregnancy, as fetal harm may occur. Although the limited data on first-trimester EFV exposure cannot rule out a 2-fold or 3-fold increased incidence of a rare outcome such as NTDs, the available data from a meta-analysis of >2,000 births suggest that there is no large increase in the risk of NTDs with first-trimester exposure (e.g., a 10-fold increase to a rate of 1%). As a result, the current Perinatal Guidelines do not restrict the use of EFV in pregnant women or in women who are planning to become pregnant. This is consistent with both the British HIV Association and WHO guidelines for use of ARV drugs in pregnancy. EFV should be continued in pregnant women who are on a virologically suppressive, EFV-based regimen, because ARV drug changes during pregnancy may be associated with loss of viral control and an increased risk of perinatal transmission (see Pregnant Women Living with HIV Who are Currently Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy). |
December 7, 2018 |
Etravirine (ETR) Intelence |
ETR (Intelence) Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Dose ETR (Intelence):
|
Variable placental transfer, usually in the moderate to high categories, ranging from 0.19–4.25 (data from 19 mother-infant pairs).b
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. |
December 7, 2018 |
Nevirapine (NVP) Viramune Viramune XR (Extended Release) Note: Generic available for some formulations. |
NVP (Viramune) Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects and 2-fold increase in cardiovascular and genitourinary defects). Increased risk of symptomatic, often rash-associated, and potentially fatal liver toxicity among women with CD4 cell counts ≥250/mm3 when first initiating therapy; pregnancy does not appear to increase risk. NVP should be initiated in pregnant women with CD4 cell counts ≥250 cells/mm3 only when benefit clearly outweighs risk because of potential increased risk of life-threatening hepatotoxicity in women with high CD4 cell counts. Elevated transaminase levels at baseline may increase the risk of NVP toxicity. Women who become pregnant while taking NVP-containing regimens and who are tolerating their regimens well can continue therapy, regardless of CD4 cell count. |
December 7, 2018 |
Rilpivirine (RPV) Edurant (RPV/FTC/TDF) Complera (RPV/DTG) Juluca (RPV/FTC/TAF) Odefsey |
RPV (Edurant) Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Dose RPV (Edurant):
|
Moderate to high placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 2-fold increase in overall birth defects). 2-drug regimens (e.g., RPV/DTG FDC) are not recommended in pregnancy. |
December 7, 2018 |
PIs PIs are recommended for use in combination regimens with 2 NRTI drugs. Hyperglycemia, new onset or exacerbation of diabetes mellitus, and diabetic ketoacidosis reported with PI use; unclear if pregnancy increases risk. Conflicting data regarding preterm delivery in women receiving PIs (see Combination Antiretroviral Drug Regimens and Neonatal Outcomes). |
||||
Atazanavir (ATV) Reyataz Note: Generic available for some formulations. Note: ATV must be combined with low-dose RTV boosting in pregnancy. (ATV/COBI) Evotaz |
ATV (Reyataz) Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Doses ARV-Naive Patients Without RTV Boosting:
ATV (Reyataz):
ATV (Reyataz):
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). Must be given as low-dose RTV-boosted regimen in pregnancy. Effect of in utero ATV exposure on infant indirect bilirubin levels is unclear. Nonpathologic elevations of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia have been observed in some, but not all, clinical trials to date. Oral powder (but not capsules) contains phenylalanine, which can be harmful to patients with phenylketonuria. ATV/COBI is not recommended for use in pregnancy. For women who become pregnant while taking ATV/COBI, consider switching to a more effective, recommended regimen. If an ATV/COBI regimen is continued, doses should be administered with food; viral load should be monitored frequently. |
December 7, 2018 |
Darunavir (DRV) Prezista Note: Must be combined with low- dose RTV or COBI boosting. (DRV/COBI) Prezcobix (DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF) Symtuza |
DRV (Prezista) Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Doses ARV-Naive Patients:
If Patient Has No DRV Resistance Mutations:
DRV/COBI (Prezcobix):
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of teratogenicity in mice, rats, or rabbits. No evidence of human teratogenicity. Must be boosted with low-dose RTV. The Panel does not recommend once-daily dosing with DRV/r during pregnancy or the use of DRV/COBI during pregnancy. If a DRV/COBI regimen is continued during pregnancy, viral load should be monitored frequently. |
December 7, 2018 |
Fosamprenavir (FPV) Lexiva (a prodrug of amprenavir) Note: Must be combined with low-dose RTV boosting in pregnancy. |
FPV (Lexiva) Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Doses FPV (Lexiva) ARV-Naive Patients:
|
FPV should not be used during pregnancy.
Low placental transfer to fetus.b Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. Increased fetal loss in rabbits, but no increase in defects in rats and rabbits. |
December 7, 2018 |
Indinavir (IDV) Crixivan Note: Must be combined with low-dose RTV boosting in pregnancy. |
IDV (Crixivan) Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Dose Without RTV Boosting:
|
Minimal placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity in cases reported to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (can rule out 2-fold increase in overall birth defects). Must be given as low-dose, RTV-boosted regimen in pregnancy. Theoretical concern regarding increased indirect bilirubin levels, which may exacerbate physiologic hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Minimal placental passage mitigates this concern. Given the available alternative ARVs, IDV is not recommended for treatment of pregnant women in the United States. |
December 7, 2018 |
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) Kaletra |
LPV/r (Kaletra) Tablets (Coformulated):
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). Oral solution contains 42% alcohol and 15% propylene glycol and is not recommended for use in pregnancy. Once-daily LPV/r dosing is not recommended during pregnancy. |
December 7, 2018 |
Nelfinavir (NFV) Viracept |
NFV (Viracept): Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
NFV should not be used during pregnancy.
Minimal to low placental transfer to fetus.b No evidence of human teratogenicity; can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects and 2-fold increase in risk of cardiovascular and genitourinary birth defects. Contains aspartame; should not be used in individuals with phenylketonuria. |
December 7, 2018 |
Saquinavir (SQV) Invirase Note: Must be combined with low-dose RTV for PK boosting |
SQV (Invirase) Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
SQV should not be used during pregnancy.
Contraindicated in patients with pre-existing cardiac conduction system disease. Baseline ECG recommended before starting, because PR and/or QT interval prolongations have been observed. Low placental transfer to fetus.b Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. Must be boosted with low-dose RTV. |
December 7, 2018 |
Tipranavir (TPV) Aptivus Note: Must be combined with RTV for PK boosting |
TPV (Aptivus) Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
TPV should not be used during pregnancy.
Moderate placental transfer to fetus reported in 1 patient.b Insufficient data to assess teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. Must be given as low-dose, RTV-boosted regimen. |
December 7, 2018 |
Entry and Attachment Inhibitors | ||||
Enfuvirtide (T-20) Fuzeon |
T-20 (Fuzeon) Injectable:
|
T-20 is indicated for advanced HIV disease and must be used in combination with other ARV drugs to which the patient’s virus is susceptible, as determined by resistance testing.
Standard Adult Dose:
|
Minimal to low placental transfer to fetus.b
No data on human teratogenicity. |
December 7, 2018 |
Ibalizumab (IBA) Trogarzo |
IBA (Trogarzo) Solution:
|
Standard Adult Dose IBA (Trogarzo):
|
No data are available, but placental transfer of IBA, a monoclonal antibody, is possible.
Insufficient data are available to assess for teratogenicity in humans. |
December 7, 2018 |
Maraviroc (MVC) Selzentry |
MVC (Selzentry) Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Dose:
|
No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits; insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans.
MCV placental passage category is moderate.b |
December 7, 2018 |
Integrase Inhibitors | ||||
Bictegravir/ Emtricitabine/ Tenofovir Alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) Biktarvy Note: BIC is not available as a single-entity formulation. |
BIC/FTC/TAF (Biktarvy):
|
Standard Adult Dose BIC/FTC/TAF (Biktarvy):
|
No data are available on placental transfer of BIC.
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. To maximize BIC absorption, doses should not be administered within 2 hours of ingestion of any preparation containing minerals such as iron or calcium, including prenatal vitamins. |
December 7, 2018 |
Dolutegravir (DTG) Tivicay (DTG/RPV) Juluca (DTG/ABC/3TC) Triumeq |
DTG (Tivicay) Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Doses In ARV-Naive or ARV-Experienced (but Integrase Inhibitor-Naive) Patients DTG (Tivicay):
DTG (Tivicay):
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of teratogenicity in mice, rats, or rabbits. Preliminary data suggest a possible increased risk of NTDs in infants born to women who initiated DTG prior to pregnancy and were receiving it at the time of conception. Dolutegravir should not be initiated during the first trimester of pregnancy (<14 weeks [≤13 6/7 weeks] gestational age by last menstrual period) For more information see Interim Guidance about the Use of Dolutegravir in Pregnancy in Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy. To maximize DTG absorption, doses should not be administered within 2 hours of ingestion of any preparation containing minerals such as iron or calcium, including prenatal vitamins. |
December 7, 2018 |
Elvitegravir (EVG) Note: As of October 2017, Vitekta (i.e., EVG as a single-entity formulation) is no longer available. (EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF) Genvoya (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) Stribild |
EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF (Genvoya):
|
Standard Adult Dose (Genvoya and Stribild):
|
Evidence of high placental transfer of EVG and low transfer of COBI.b
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. EVG/COBI is not recommended for use in pregnancy. For women who become pregnant while taking EVG/COBI, consider switching to a more effective, recommended regimen. If an EVG/COBI regimen is continued, doses should not be administered within 2 hours of ingestion of any preparation containing minerals such as iron or calcium, including prenatal vitamins. |
December 7, 2018 |
Raltegravir (RAL) Isentress Isentress HD |
RAL (Isentress) Film-Coated Tablets:
Film-Coated Tablets:
|
Standard Adult Doses:
|
High placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). Case report of markedly elevated liver transaminases with RAL use in late pregnancy. Severe, potentially life-threatening, and fatal skin and HSRs have been reported in nonpregnant adults. Chewable tablets contain phenylalanine. To maximize RAL absorption, doses should not be administered within 2 hours of ingestion of any preparation containing minerals such as iron or calcium, including prenatal vitamins. |
December 7, 2018 |
Pharmaco-Enhancers | ||||
Cobicistat (COBI) Tybost (ATV/COBI) Evotaz (EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF) Genvoya (DRV/COBI) Prezcobix (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) Stribild (DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF) Symtuza |
COBI (Tybost) Tablet:
|
Standard Adult Doses COBI (Tybost):
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
Insufficient data to assess for teratogenicity in humans. No evidence of teratogenicity in rats or rabbits. Use of COBI-boosted ATV, DRV, or EVG is not recommended in pregnancy. |
December 7, 2018 |
Ritonavir (RTV) Norvir |
RTV (Norvir) Capsules:
|
Standard Adult Dose as PK Booster for Other PIs:
|
Low placental transfer to fetus.b
No evidence of human teratogenicity (can rule out 1.5-fold increase in overall birth defects). Should only be used as low-dose booster for other PIs. Oral solution contains 43% alcohol and is therefore not recommended for use during pregnancy, because there is no known safe level of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. |
December 7, 2018 |
a Individual ARV drug doses may need to be adjusted in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency (for details, see the Adult and Adolescent Antiretroviral Guidelines, Appendix B, Table 8). b Placental transfer categories are determined by mean or median cord blood/maternal delivery plasma drug ratio: High: >0.6 Moderate: 0.3–0.6 Low: <0.3 c Only indicated for use in chronic HBV virus infection in adults. d Generic formulation available e WHO recommends maximum dose of 30 mg twice daily regardless of weight. Key to Acronyms: 3TC = lamivudine; ABC = abacavir; ART = antiretroviral therapy; ARV = antiretroviral; ATV = atazanavir; ATV/r = atazanavir/ritonavir; AUC = area under the curve; BIC = bictegravir; CD4 = CD4 T lymphocyte; COBI = cobicistat; d4T = stavudine; ddI = didanosine; DOR = doravirine; DRV = darunavir; DRV/r = darunavir/ritonavir; DTG = dolutegravir; EFV = efavirenz; ETR = etravirine; EVG = elvitegravir; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; FDC = fixed-dose combination; FPV = fosamprenavir; FPV/r = fosamprenavir/ritonavir; FTC = emtricitabine; HBV = hepatitis b virus; HSR = hypersensitivity reaction; IBA =ibalizumab; IDV = indinavir; IDV/r = indinavir/ritonavir; INSTI = integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LPV/r = lopinavir/ritonavir; MVC = maraviroc; NFV = nelfinavir; NNRTI = non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NTD = neural tube defect; NVP = nevirapine; PI = protease inhibitor; PK = pharmacokinetic; PPI = proton pump inhibitor; RAL = raltegravir; RPV = rilpivirine; RTV = ritonavir; SQ = subcutaneous; SQV = saquinavir; SQV/r = saquinavir/ritonavir; T-20 = enfuvirtide; TAF = tenofovir alafenamide; TDF = tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TID = 3 times a day; TPV = tipranavir; TPV/r = tipranavir/ritonavir; WHO = World Health Organization; ZDV = zidovudine |
Download Guidelines
- Section Only PDF (425 KB)
- Full Guideline PDF (3 MB)
- Recommendations Only PDF (211 KB)
- Tables Only PDF (388 KB)
Related Content
- AIDSinfo Drug Database
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: HIV Medicines During Pregnancy and Childbirth
- AIDSinfo Patient Materials: Protecting Baby from HIV
- AETC National HIV Curriculum
- How to Cite These Guidelines
- Perinatal Guidelines Archive